Time is critical in starting CPR.

Call for help.

Position the victim.

Opening the airway. Top: Airway obstruction produced by the tongue and the epiglottis. Bottom: Relief by head-tilt/chin-lift.

Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. Perpendicular line reflects proper neck extension, i.e., a line along the edge of the jaw bone should be perpendicular to the surface on which the victim is lying.

Jaw-thrust maneuver.

Mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing.

Mouth-to-nose breathing.

Locating the carotid pulse.

External chest compressions: locating the rib margin.

External chest compressions: locating the notch where the rib margin meets the sternum.

External chest compressions: locating the correct hand position on the lower half of the sternum.

Hand positions for external chest compressions.

Proper position of rescuer: shoulders directly over victim's sternum; elbows locked.

External chest compressions: sternum compressed to a depth of 1 1/2 - 2 inches. Compression-relaxation duration must be 50:50 for better flow to occur.

One-rescuer adult CPR. Fifteen compressions are alternated with two ventilations.

Two-rescuer CPR: Pause after the 5th external chest compression as ventilator gives a rescue breath.

Two-rescuer CPR: Compressor and ventilator switch positions.

Universal distress signal for foreign body airway obstruction.

Subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrust (the Heimlich maneuver) administered to a conscious (standing) victim of foreign body airway obstruction.

Subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrust (the Heimlich maneuver) administered to an unconscious (lying) victim of foreign body airway obstruction - astride position.

Finger sweep maneuver administered to an unconscious victim of foreign body airway obstruction.

Crossed-finger technique for opening the airway.

Chest thrust administered to a conscious victim (standing) of foreign body airway obstruction.

Chest thrust administered to an unconscious victim (lying) of foreign body airway obstruction.

Rescue breathing with an airtight seal around the mouth and nose.

Locating and palpating the brachial pulse.

Locating finger position for chest compressions in an infant.

Locating hand position for chest compressions in a child.

Heimlich maneuver - conscious child standing.

Heimlich maneuver - conscious or unconscious child, lying.

Back blow in an infant.

Chest thrust in an infant.

Hand position for chest encirclement technique for external chest compressions in neonates. Thumbs are side-by-side over the midsternum. In the newborn, thumbs may need to be superimposed.