Hartmann              Psychology 326: Social & Personality Development        Spring '97
Final Exam: Essay Portion

Instructions: Answer each question in the space provided.  Note that (1) you are not 
required to answer all questions, and (2) questions in different sections have different 
point values.  Place you name on the back of the last page of the exam.  Good luck!

A. Brief answer questions.  Answer 3 of the following 5 questions.  10 points per 
   question; maximum = 30 points.
   
   1. Who popularized the term parenting style?  What styles are typically described 
      in the literature?
      [4 points for knowing the person; 6 points for the 3 (or 4) categories.] 

   2. What is catharsis theory, and why should we care?  [+6 for correct definition; 
      +4 for policy implication.]

   3. What are the primary characteristic of the heteronomously moral child?
      [+2 points for each of 5 characteristics, or 4 characteristics and an
      elaboration of Piaget's stage of moral reasoning.]

   4. What are the main tenets of coercion theory?  [+10 for the recognition that 
      negative reinforcement underlies coercion, with some elaboration.  Alternatively,
      one could recognize Patterson at the formulator; and describe] the relationship
      of the theory to the production of aggressive kids and the recognition that
      avesive family processes are involved.

   5. What is the meaning of the phrase 'biology is destine?”  Where did the phrase 
      come from?  [+6 for a correct description; +4 for correct identification.]


B. Medium length questions.  Answer 2 of the following 4 questions.  20 points per 
   question; maximum + 40 points.

   1. Who among rejected  children are at greatest risk experiencing for experiencing 
   significant adjustment problems later in life?  What is the nature of these
   adjustment problems?  [+10 points for a discussion of types of rejected children;
   +10 for outcome information -- with some elaboration.]

   2. Evaluate the claim (citing evidence where appropriate) that childless couples 
   can strengthen a shaky marriage by having a baby.  [+10 points for recognizing that 
   having a first child for many families is a time of crisis; +10 for mention of
   Belsky's research or some other relevant elaboration.]

   3. Discuss the evidence to suggest that one of the three major disciplinary 
   strategies is more effective than the others at promoting moral maturity.
   [+10 points for any 2 of the following 3 ideas: elaboration of disciplinary
   strategies; discussion of induction and its effects; elaboration of research literature
   (e.g., Hoffman and Kuczynski).] 

   4. What evidence is there of the importance of friendships?  [+6.3 points for each 
      of 3 elaborated reasons.  +4 for unelaborated reason.]

C. Lengthy answer questions.  Answer 1 of 3 questions.  30 points per question; 
   maximum + 30 points.
   
   1. It has been argued that teachers can have a major influence on the academic 
      performances of their pupils.  Discuss two lines of evidence to support this
      contention.  [+15 points for each of two major elaborated reasons.]

   2. Describe 3 nonpunitive techniques that adults might use to promote children's 
      resistance to temptation.  Cite evidence that these techniques really are
      effective at fostering self-restraint.  [+10 for each elaborated answer;
      -3 for failure to elaborate.]
      
   3. Discuss the social policy implications of Dodge's model of aggression.
      [For full credit must have either a good description of model + policy
      implications for one process (e.g., decoding) OR policy implications for
      two processes.  In general, the answer should at least mention prevention.]

Psychology 326 (Social and Personality Development: 
Hartmann); Final Exam, Essay Part, Sp97, p. 2