Hartmann        Psychology 326: Social and Personality Development      Spring 1998

Quiz I, Part B (Essay)


Directions: Please limit yourself to the space provided for each question.  Be certain that 
your name is placed on the back of the last page.  Do not separate the pages.  Please 
write legibly!  [See question type for points.  For unusually good answers a +1 bonus also 
may be given.]

A. Brief answer questions.  Answer 4 of 6 questions.  [10 points per question.]
   
   1. What did Freud mean by the Electra Complex.
   2. Define a negative reinforcer.
   3. What factors or dimensions are confounded in a longitudinal study?
   4. What is the Rouge test, and why should we care?
   5. What is the discounting principle?
   6. What is self efficacy?

B. Medium-length questions.  Answer 2 of 4 questions.  [15 points each.]

   1. How might strangers establish positive relations with a wary infant?
   2. As a new parent, you decide that you want your child to become a high achiever.  
      What particular childrearing strategies might you use in accomplishing this objective?
   3. How might one improve the attachment relationships of "difficult" parents?
   4. Describe how parents might make separations more tolerable for their young children.

C. Long answers.  Answer 1 of the following 2 questions. [30 points.]

   1. Describe the evidence suggesting that fathers play an important role in the social 
      and emotional development of infants and toddlers.
   2. In terms of Scar and McCartney's (1983) theory of genotype-environment 
      interactions, why should all siblings other than identical twins become increasingly 
      dissimilar to one another over time?  Or should they?

Psychology 326 (Hartmann), Quiz 1B: Essay, p. 2 of 4