THEORIES I DEFINITION --How the facts fit together What facts are important Which relationships between facts are important --Gives facts meaning VIGNETTE: "DICKIE LOVE JOHNIE" --Piaget (cognitive developmental theory) --Freud --Bandura STANDARDS FOR EVALUATING THEORIES ACCURACY (versus bias & over-generalization) CLARITY EXPLANATION AND PREDICTION OFFERS PRACTICAL GUIDANCE INTERNALLY CONSISTENT ECONOMICAL (Occam's razor) FALSIFIABILITY ("counterpoise factor") PROMOTES DISCOVERY OF NEW KNOWLEDGE SELF SATISFYING THEORIES I (continued) THE CONTENT OF THEORIES SCOPE OR RANGE NATURE VS NURTURE (Anastasi) DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT (e.g., cephalo-caudal) CONTINUOUS VS STEPWISE CHANGE (stages?) ORIGINAL MORAL CONDITION LEVEL OF ACTIVITY OF CHILD PERSONALITY STRUCTURE (organization) MOTIVATION & LEARNING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES DESIRABLE-UNDESIRABLE & NORMAL-ABNORMAL PHILOSOPHICAL ORIGINS INVESTIGATIVE METHODS (method determines theory & vise versa) APPEAL FOR ACCEPTANCE TERMINOLOGY